Yellow Diamond Girls Choice Gold Jewelry 68

Yellow Diamond Girls Choice Gold Jewelry.

By Farzana Aamir.

Diamond

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the mineral. For the gemstone, see Diamond (gemstone). For other uses, including the shape ◊, see Diamond (disambiguation).

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Diamond

A clear octahedral stone protrudes from a black rock.

The slightly misshapen octahedral shape of this rough diamond crystal in matrix is typical of the mineral. Its lustrous faces also indicate that this crystal is from a primary deposit.

General

Category Native Minerals

Formula

(repeating unit) C

Strunz classification 01.CB.10a

Identification

Formula mass 12.01 g⋅mol−1

Color Typically yellow, brown or gray to colorless. Less often blue, green, black, translucent white, pink, violet, orange, purple and red.

Crystal habit Octahedral

Crystal system Isometric-Hexoctahedral (Cubic)

Cleavage 111 (perfect in four directions)

Fracture Conchoidal (shell-like)

Mohs scale hardness 10

Luster Adamantine

Streak Colorless

Diaphaneity Transparent to subtransparent to translucent

Specific gravity 3.52±0.01

Density 3.5–3.53 g/cm3

Polish luster Adamantine

Optical properties Isotropic

Refractive index 2.418 (at 500 nm)

Birefringence None

Pleochroism None

Dispersion 0.044

Melting point Pressure dependent

References [1][2]

In mineralogy, diamond (from the ancient Greek αδάμας – adámas "unbreakable") is a metastable allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. Diamond is less stable than graphite, but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at standard conditions. Diamond is renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities, most of which originate from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms. In particular, diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any bulk material. Those properties determine the major industrial application of diamond in cutting and polishing tools and the scientific applications in diamond knives and diamond anvil cells.

Because of its extremely rigid lattice, it can be contaminated by very few types of impurities, such as boron and nitrogen. Small amounts of defects or impurities (about one per million of lattice atoms) color diamond blue (boron), yellow (nitrogen), brown (lattice defects), green (radiation exposure), purple, pink, orange or red. Diamond also has relatively high optical dispersion (ability to disperse light of different colors).